Article
Plant
Pathology
Encompasses the study of what causes a plant disease; how a pathogen attacks the plant at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole plant levels of organization; how the host responds to attack; how pathogens are disseminated; how the environment influences the disease process; and how to manage plant pathogens and thereby reduce the effects of the disease on plant populations.
Fungi
Fungi interact with plants as pathogens or benefactors and may influence yields. Fungal plant pathogens can cause enormous losses in yield and quality of field crops, fruits, and other edible plant material, and this becomes increasingly a more important issue to human health and the global economy in this century, with increasing human populations and climate change threats to arable land.
Fungi interact with plants as pathogens or benefactors and may influence yields. Fungal plant pathogens can cause enormous losses in yield and quality of field crops, fruits, and other edible plant material, and this becomes increasingly a more important issue to human health and the global economy in this century, with increasing human populations and climate change threats to arable land.
Fungi interact with plants as pathogens or benefactors and may influence yields. Fungal plant pathogens can cause enormous losses in yield and quality of field crops, fruits, and other edible plant material, and this becomes increasingly a more important issue to human health and the global economy in this century, with increasing human populations and climate change threats to arable land.
Fungi interact with plants as pathogens or benefactors and may influence yields. Fungal plant pathogens can cause enormous losses in yield and quality of field crops, fruits, and other edible plant material, and this becomes increasingly a more important issue to human health and the global economy in this century, with increasing human populations and climate change threats to arable land.
Viruses
Plant viruses generate economic loss for farmers, producers, and consumers by adversely affecting plant growth and reproduction; causing death of host tissues and plants, sterility, reduction of yield or quality, crop failure, increased susceptibility to other stresses, loss of aesthetic value, quarantine and eradication of infected plants; and increasing the cost of control and detection programs.
Viruses are obligate parasites, ultramicroscopic and have protein coats or capsids. Virus species may also be subdivided into strains and isolates. Strains are named when a virus isolate proves to differ from the type isolate of the species in a definable character, but does not differ enough to be a new species.
Virus vectors include insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, seed, and dodder and also humans, animals.